Authors

Taylor Onate Egerton

Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Okafor Chetam Lucas

Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Abstract

This paper enhances text classification performance by developing a hybrid model integrating Support Vector Classifiers (SVC) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. The research addresses challenges in processing high-dimensional, unstructured social media text, such as class imbalance, feature sparsity, and semantic complexity, by combining the strengths of classical machine learning and deep learning. A large-scale Twitter sentiment dataset from Kaggle (Sentiment140) is used, with comprehensive preprocessing steps like tokenization, lowercasing, and removal of URLs, punctuation, and numbers to ensure clean input. Advanced feature extraction techniques, including TF-IDF for SVC and Word2Vec embeddings for LSTM, capture both sparse term frequencies and dense semantic representations. The hybrid model is built using Python-based frameworks such as scikit-learn for SVC and TensorFlow/Keras for LSTM, with hyperparameter tuning performed via GridSearchCV for kernel selection (e.g., linear and RBF) and regularization parameters. Optimization techniques, including k-fold cross-validation, dropout layers, and early stopping, mitigate overfitting and enhance generalization for binary sentiment classification tasks. The synergy between SVC's margin-based classification and LSTM's sequential feature learning yields a scalable, interpretable solution. The proposed model achieves an accuracy of 99.00%, significantly outperforming benchmarks like BiLSTM (89.72%), Linear SVM (82.00%), and RBF SVM (76.00%), with strong precision, recall, F1-score, and computational efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid approaches for text classification, with applications in sentiment analysis, information retrieval, market trend prediction, and legal document management. Success depends on a structured methodology, advanced feature engineering, and rigorous optimization, offering effective solutions for diverse textual data challenges.

Keywords

Hybrid Models Long Short-Term Memory Networks Natural Language Processing Support Vector Machine Text classification

Citation of this Article

Taylor Onate Egerton, & Okafor Chetam Lucas. (2025). Optimized Text Classification Performance Using Support Vector Classifiers and Deep Neural Networks. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies (JAIET). 2(12), 17-25. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.47001/JAIET/2025.212003

Licence Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 International Licence.

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